MOTS-c

MOTS-c

Mitochondrial Peptide • Metabolic Optimisation • “Exercise-Mimetic” Signalling • Cellular Energy Support

Benefits of MOTS-c

 Metabolic Optimisation

• Improved insulin sensitivity

• Better glucose control

• Improved metabolic flexibility

 Metabolic-Driven Inflammation Reduction

• Lower inflammatory load through metabolic improvement

 Exercise & Performance Support

• Enhanced endurance signalling

• Improved physical capacity (animal data)

 Muscle Preservation

• Reduced catabolic signalling

• Support for lean mass maintenance

How MOTS-c Works (Mechanisms of Action)

 1. Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-encoded peptide that plays a key role in regulating:

• Glucose utilisation

• Insulin sensitivity

• Metabolic flexibility

Animal studies show protection against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.

 2. Acts as a Mitochondrial-to-Nuclear Signal

Under metabolic stress, MOTS-c can translocate to the nucleus and alter gene expression related to:

• Energy balance

• Oxidative stress response

• Cellular metabolism

 3. Exercise-Responsive (“Exercise-Mimetic”) Signalling

MOTS-c levels increase with exercise and are associated with:

• Improved metabolic profiles

• Enhanced physical capacity

• Improved endurance signalling

This has led to MOTS-c being described as an exercise-responsive mitochondrial peptide.

 4. Supports Muscle & Anti-Atrophy Pathways

Preclinical studies show MOTS-c:

• Reduces myostatin signalling

• Supports muscle integrity

• Improves physical performance in aged models

 5. Modulates Inflammation via Metabolic Pathways

MOTS-c indirectly reduces inflammatory burden by improving mitochondrial efficiency and metabolic control.

What Is MOTS-c?

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a peptide encoded within mitochondrial DNA. It has been described as an exercise-responsive signalling peptide that can regulate nuclear gene expression and metabolic pathways involved in glucose utilisation, fat oxidation, inflammation, and performance capacity.

Key research milestones include the original description of MOTS-c as a regulator of metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, and later studies demonstrating exercise/age interactions and healthspan effects in animal models.

Dosage, Injection Volume & Cycling

 Concentration:

50 mg / 10 ml (5 mg/ml)

 Dose:

Exploratory Clinic-Directed
Framework (evidence-informed):

• 5 mg SC → 1 ml

• 10 mg SC → 2 ml
  Administered 2–3× per week

Synergy Stacks

 Performance Stack

• MOTS-c + NAD+
  Mitochondrial signalling + cellular energy support

 Metabolic Support Stack

• MOTS-c + ALA + MIC-B
  Improved glucose handling and metabolic cofactors

 Mitochondrial Optimisation Stack

• MOTS-c + Exercise Physiology
  Aligns with exercise-responsive biology

All treatments include a brief consultation and are supervised by qualified clinicians.

Who Is MOTS-c Ideal For?

 Metabolic Health Optimisation

• Insulin resistance

• Weight-management support (adjunct)

 Performance-Focused Individuals

• Endurance athletes

• High-output training programs

 Age-Related Metabolic Decline

• Reduced mitochondrial efficiency

• Declining metabolic flexibility

 Clients Seeking Mitochondrial Optimisation

• Fatigue related to metabolic inefficiency

 Cycle:

• 8–12 weeks

• Reassess metabolic markers and response

 Injection Sites:

• Subcutaneous (abdomen or thigh)

 Safety & Side Effects

Human interventional data is limited.
Based on mechanistic and preclinical research:

• Generally well tolerated

• Possible mild injection-site irritation

• Transient fatigue during metabolic adaptation

All use is supervised and personalised.

 MOTS-c — Scientific Research & Clinical Studies

(Strong mechanistic & animal evidence; limited human intervention data)

MOTS-c regulates metabolic homeostasis and prevents insulin resistance
Cell Metabolism
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413115000613

MOTS-c is exercise-induced and improves physical capacity and healthspan in mice
Nature Communications
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20790-0

Exercise and circulating MOTS-c responses in humans
Scientific Reports
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-96419-z

Comprehensive review of MOTS-c biology and metabolic signalling
PMC
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9905433/

MOTS-c reduces myostatin signalling and supports muscle metabolism
American Journal of Physiology
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpendo.00275.2020

Frontiers review on MOTS-c, metabolism, and inflammation
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533/full

 Clinical Disclaimer

This page summarises peer-reviewed translational and preclinical research. MOTS-c is an investigational peptide with limited human intervention data. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, or cure disease.

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